EXIOBASE

Darwin uses EXIOBASE 3.8.1 to transform financial data (procurement spend, revenue) into commodity flows and environmental pressures.

What is an EMRIO Model?

An Environmentally Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output (EMRIO) model integrates economic analysis with environmental data:

• Economic Input-Output: Describes how industries purchase inputs from each other
• Environmental Extensions: Adds energy use, emissions, water consumption, waste generation
• Multi-Regional: Covers multiple countries, capturing global supply chains

Key Capabilities

EMRIO models allow Darwin to:

• Calculate footprints (carbon, water, biodiversity) of financial transactions
• Identify environmental pressures embedded in global supply chains
• Compare production-based vs consumption-based impacts

EXIOBASE Coverage

Geographic Coverage

EXIOBASE covers 49 regions:

• 44 individual countries (major economies)
• 5 "Rest of World" regions

Sector Detail

EXIOBASE disaggregates the global economy into:

• 163 industry sectors
• 200+ product categories

Example sectors:

• Cultivation of wheat
• Manufacture of motor vehicles
• Financial intermediation services
• Wholesale trade services

How Darwin Uses EXIOBASE

Input Processing

When you enter financial data:

1. Sector mapping: Your spend is mapped to EXIOBASE sectors
2. Geographic allocation: Origin countries are identified
3. Commodity extraction: Physical commodities are derived
4. Stressor calculation: Environmental pressures are computed

Example

Input: EUR 1,000,000 procurement from "Food products" sector in France

Output:

• Commodity inventory (wheat, vegetables, meat, etc.)
• Associated pressures (land use, water, GHG emissions)
• Geographic breakdown of origins

Environmental Extensions (Stressors)

EXIOBASE includes extensive environmental data:

Limitations

For higher precision, supplement financial data with product or commodity data where available.

Version Information