References

LCIA Models

• Huijbregts, M.A.J. et al. (2017). ReCiPe 2016 v1.1 — A harmonized life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 22(2), 138–147.

• Bulle, C. et al. (2019). IMPACT World+ — A globally regionalized life cycle impact assessment method. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 24(9), 1653–1674.

• Alkemade, R. et al. (2009). GLOBIO3: A framework to investigate options for reducing global terrestrial biodiversity loss. Ecosystems, 12(3), 374–390.

• Schipper, A.M. et al. (2020). Projecting terrestrial biodiversity intactness with GLOBIO 4. Global Change Biology, 26(2), 760–771.

• Schipper, A.M. et al. (2025). Intactness-Based Biodiversity Impact Factors (IBIF) v2 — Country-level characterization factors for terrestrial biodiversity footprints. Scientific Data.

Characterization Factors & Impact Assessment

• Borgelt, J. et al. (2024). Country-to-country characterization factors for alien invasive species impacts on terrestrial biodiversity. Environmental Science & Technology.

• Kuipers, K. et al. (2025). Cited in impact-factors — Relationship between PDF and MSA metrics across pressures.

• Zhu, B. et al. (2025). Global gridded nitrogen deposition maps at 0.125° resolution. Cited in IBIF v2 methodology.

• Boulay, A.-M. et al. (2018). The AWARE method — Consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23(2), 368–378.

LCA Databases

• Wernet, G. et al. (2016). The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21(9), 1218–1230.

• ADEME / INRAE. Agribalyse 3.1 — Environmental database for agriculture and food products. Released 2022.

Input-Output Models

• EXIOBASE consortium (2018). EXIOBASE 3 — Developing a time series of detailed environmentally extended multi-regional input-output tables. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22(3), 502–515.

Dependencies & Ecosystem Services

• Koch, F. & Bregman, T. (2024). ENCORE 2024 update — Exploring Natural Capital Opportunities, Risks and Exposure. UNEP-WCMC & UNEP FI.

Standards & Frameworks

• ISO 14040:2006. Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework.

• ISO 14044:2006. Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines.

• SBTN (2023). Science Based Targets for Nature — High Impact Commodity List (HICL) v1.