Risk Layers

Darwin's nature-risk screening draws on 104 geospatial map layers, organised by the platform's risk taxonomy (sourced live from darwin/layers on develop). Each fact sheet states whether the layer is used in risk analysis and, where it is, its proximity and activity triggers, legend, source, and comparison with the WWF Risk Filter Suite. The catalogue lists the layers the product shows. A layer withdrawn from the map picker leaves this list with it, so a sheet here is always something a reader can open in the platform.

Physical risks (37)

Provisioning services (2)

Water availability (2)

• Drought risk (Aqueduct 4.0)
• Water Stress (Aqueduct 4.0)

Enabling services (7)

• Pollination Deficit (Chaplin-Kramer)

Air condition (1)

• Air quality risk (global, CAMS EAC4 2024)

Soil condition (3)

• Soil condition (Global Soil Organic Carbon)
• Soil toxic metals — human-health threshold, worst metal
• Soil toxic metals — agricultural threshold, worst metal

Water condition (2)

• Coastal eutrophication potential (Aqueduct 3.0)
• Risk of pesticides pollution (Tang et al. 2023)

Mitigating services (21)

Climate Acute Risks (6)

• Extreme Heat Risk 2050 (France, DRIAS)
• Extreme Precipitation Risk 2050 (France, DRIAS)
• Fire Weather Risk 2050 (France, DRIAS)
• Flood depth — 10-year return, present climate (GIRI)
• Marine Flooding Risk (France, BRGM)
• STORM wind RP100 — tropical cyclone (present climate)

Climate Chronic Risks (7)

• Annual mean temperature — 1981-2010 (CHELSA)
• Annual precipitation — 1981-2010 (CHELSA)
• Max temperature of warmest month — 1981-2010 (CHELSA)
• Min temperature of coldest month — 1981-2010 (CHELSA)
• Precipitation of driest month — 1981-2010 (CHELSA)
• Precipitation of wettest month — 1981-2010 (CHELSA)
• Precipitation seasonality (CV) — 1981-2010 (CHELSA)

Geological (6)

• Clay shrink-swell risk (global)
• Clay Swelling and Shrinking Risk (France)
• Landslide susceptibility (global, NASA)
• Landslide susceptibility (global, NASA, slope-gated 90 m)
• Seismic Hazard (GSHAP PGA, 475-yr return)
• Subsidence susceptibility (global, Herrera GSS)

Biological hazards (2)

• Herbicide resistance risk (global, Heap 2021)
• Zoonotic disease spillover risk (global, Allen et al. 2017)

Direct Physical Loss engine inputs (6)

The rasters the Resilience — climate risks engine prices a site on. They are not scored as materiality flags, except where noted on the sheet.

• Deltares coastal flood depth RP100 (2018 baseline)
• Design temperature — CHELSA bio5 (current)
• GIRI flood depth RP100 (baseline, 90 m)
• Hailstorm hazard (size-resolved, global)
• RX5day annual maximum (1995-2014 drainage-capacity reference)
• Wildfire — annualised loss (current)

Cultural services (1)

• Tourism intensity: estimated annual visitors number in 2019 (Adamiak et al.)

Transition risks (51)

Sensitive areas (39)

• LandMark Indigenous and Community Lands (IPLC)

Protected areas (20)

• Bangladesh Forests and Parks
• Europe Protected Areas
• India Protected Areas
• Natura 2000
• Protected Areas (Brazil)
• Protected Areas (Canada)
• Protected Areas (Colombia)
• Protected Areas (Costa Rica)
• Protected Areas (Côte d'Ivoire)
• Protected Areas (Egypt)
• Protected Areas (Kazakhstan)
• Protected Areas (Madagascar)
• Protected Areas (Mexico)
• Protected Areas (New Caledonia)
• Protected Areas (Thailand)
• Protected Areas (United Kingdom)
• Ramsar
• UNESCO World Heritage Sites
• UNESCO World Heritage Sites (with buffer)
• US Protected Areas

High integrity areas (4)

• Biodiversity Intactness Index
• Ecosystem Integrity Index (EII)
• Intact forest landscape 2021 (GFW)
• Seed Biocomplexity Index

Critical areas (12)

• Functional Ecological Network (FEN, Belgium, Antwerp)
• Mangroves (Global Mangrove Watch)

SRCE (France) (5)

• Biodiversity Reservoir
• Linear Corridor
• Linear Water Stream
• Surface Corridor
• Surface Water Stream

WWF G200 (3)

• WWF G200 Freshwater
• WWF G200 Marine
• WWF G200 Terrestrial

ZNIEFF (2)

• ZNIEFF Type 1
• ZNIEFF Type 2

Endangered species habitats (2)

• GBIF Threatened Species
• IUCN Red list plants (France)

Ecosystem use (2)

• Permanent Forest Conversion
• Wetland Loss Variation Risk Map (2010-2020)

Overexploitation (3)

• Freshwater Quantity Overshoot
• IUU Fishing Risk Index
• Water depletion (Aqueduct 4.0)

Pollution (5)

• Air pollutant emissions risk (global, EDGARv8.1 2022)
• Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Risk Map (2023)
• Pesticide Use Risk Map (2023)

Disturbance (1)

• Night light

Plastics (1)

• Mismanaged Plastic Waste (Lebreton et al. 2019)

Invasive Species (2)

• Rarity-weighted Species Richness
• Rarity-weighted Species Richness for Threatened Species

Scenario (15)

Forward-looking shock layers, consumed by the Resilience — nature risks and not by present-day materiality scoring. Each NST V1 page below documents a family: two scenarios (SSP1-2.6 optimistic, SSP3-7.0 pessimistic) × three horizons (2035 / 2050 / 2080).

Ecosystem-service shocks — ES-direct, NST V1 (3)

Read straight into the ENCORE service they name, bypassing the component-to-service projection.

• Water purification shock (NDR) — IMAGE-GNM river-N model
• Pollination shock — MSA × surface wind × water stress, over pollinator-dependent cropland
• Soil protection shock (soil & sediment retention) — GloSEM × Borrelli × ESDAC erosivity (~1 km)

No longer ES-direct: Pest control shock (biological control), GLOBIO-ES. A map layer since 2026-09-30; Biological control reads through Species and Habitats.

Ecosystem-component shocks — NST V1 (1)

• Natural-habitat shock (LUH2) — Habitats — default Habitats proxy

The Species (MSA), Soils (SOC), Atmosphere (PM2.5) and Water (Aqueduct) components are horizon-resolved in NST V1 as well; their pages below still describe the earlier single-horizon versions. The Shock Layers methodology page lists the current set in full.

Superseded — single-horizon 2050 (10)

• Ecoregion_shock_ssp1
• Ecoregion_shock_ssp5
• MSA_shock_ssp1
• MSA_shock_ssp5
• PM25_shock_ssp1
• PM25_shock_ssp5
• SOC_shock_ssp1
• SOC_shock_ssp5
• Water_stress_shock_ssp1
• Water_stress_shock_ssp5

Accounting (1)

• WWF Ecoregions